1 point of EVE HP is approximately equal to 900 points of dust hitpoints.
I calculated this by comparing the basic railgun in eve to the basic tank railgun (militia) in dust. They should fire approximately the same size rounds, and have roughly the same firing speeds.
The militia railgun does around 900 damage, and the civilian railgun does one damage.
http://eve.battleclinic.com/item_database.php?id=i3638Divide your damage by 900 to see how much you would do to an eve starship, or multiply your starship damage by 900 to see how much you would do to dusters.
Additionally, the round will have an approximate 10m aoe on impact due to atmospheric transference, estimated by the signature resolution of the turret. /4
So, a single civilian railgun will drop 900 damage over 40 meters, not enough to scratch the paint on a tank or kill a heavy, but enough to kill everything else. Most people run two on their rookieships, so 1800 damage, which will kill most infantry, and lavs.
Moving up, the devs are talking about orbital bombarding destroyers. Let's use my thrasher fit with a rack of 280mm artillery II with tremor S ammunition. That is 8 x 8 x 900 = 57600 damage, and I have a rack of 7, so x 7 = 403,200 damage over a range of 80 meters. (a scout can sprint over 7 meters per second, so in around 11 seconds he may be able to avoid the bombardment. LAVs base speed is 40m/s, so he can easily avoid it. HAVs base speed is around 25m/s.).
Larger ships, lets leap to the 5 million damage titan doomsday, x 900 = 4.5 billion damage. Or, glassing the field.
Battleship weaponry. Let's look at railguns this time (as shown in the e3 beta build trailer).
425mm Railgun II 3.63 x 32(Spike L) x 8(turrets) x 900 (conversion factor)= 836,352 damage over 100 meters or so.
Will these numbers actually be used? probably not, from this we can see that anything above a rookie ship can insta-gib anything on the field. The thing that will be used are the scaling radii of the orbital strikes. Bigger ships, bigger strikes.
Additionally, Ewar strikes will also be used (as mentioned by devs).
EDIT: Now, if they add in specific resistance modules (explosive/em/therm/kin) like eve, then you can coordinate with your striker for single turret precision strikes ontop of yourself. You will survive while your enemy will be destroyed. Such things are possible.